Optimisation of Cellular Base Stations Placement in Territory with Urban and Environmental Restrictions by Mea

The realization of new cellular networks needs the mobile phone operator to choose optimal location for Base Stations (BSs) placement to reach the wider coverage of a considered territory and the minimum cost of the net itself, that is the minimum number of BSs. In the most situations, and in particular inside the cities, there are a lot of restrictions due to the limited number of available site for BSs placement and due to the limits about electromagnetic field emissions, that impose to reduce, as more as possible, overlapping of fields radiated from different BSs. The solution of this optimisation problem is not so simple and immediate since it is necessary to deal with a lot of restrictions. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate a Genetic Algorithms (GAs) based technique that allows to find an optimal resolution to the mentioned problem ensuring the desired coverage of the considered territory with the minimum number of BSs, using only the allowed locations and reducing to the minimum level the superposition of emission diagrams of the BSs.